Governing spanish “municipalities of change” through mobilities
- By Nacima Baron
Pages 61 to 78
Cite this article
- BARON, Nacima,
- Baron, Nacima.
- Baron, N.
https://doi.org/10.3917/psud.051.0061
Cite this article
- Baron, N.
- Baron, Nacima.
- BARON, Nacima,
https://doi.org/10.3917/psud.051.0061
Notes
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[1]
“Reconfiguration pathway is the fourth step and concerns symbiotic innovations, which developed in niches, are initially adopted in the regime to solve local problems. They subsequently trigger further adjustments in the basic architecture of the regime.” (Geels, 2012, p. 411).
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[2]
“The role of governance in addressing profound socio-technical transitions is to be ‘purposive’, that is to develop a set of normative goals for the wider outcomes of the transition that the resources of the governing organisations will be deployed to secure. The call for a ‘purposive’ approach talks directly to work from political science on changing forms of governance which has sought to conceptualise and examine the notion of ‘public value’”. (Docherty et al., 2018, p. 3).
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[3]
There is also a vice-president responsible for mobilities in Barcelona Metropolitan Authority.
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[4]
Carles Martí, first deputy to Mayor Jordi Hereu resigned following the failure of the referendum on the redesign of Avenue Diagonal in May 2010.
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[5]
For example, Aran, a left-wing republican youth organisation, condemns the invasion of public space (and by tourists, and by the methods of transport they use), and includes all types of vehicles in its demands and actions. It broadcasts videos of acts of sabotage on self-service bicycles. It also uses parked cars to spread its messages (in the summer of 2017, it placed stickers on cars to condemn capitalist organisations like Airbnb and their effects on the housing crisis). It also attacked a tourist bus.
- [6]
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[7]
“The very meaning of mobility is inherently political and requires engagement with wider debates on the politics of transitions […]. Transition policies are truly transformative […] but a critique of socio technical transition theories includes downplaying ideology, power and justice in favor of technologically determined innovations” (Temenos et al., 2017, p. 1).
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[8]
“Cycling policy is complicit in constructing the cycling citizen, i.e. the normative cyclist at whom cycling policy and infrastructure provision is directed”, (Osborne, Grand-Smith, 2017, p. 45).
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[9]
“Crucially, this is city government action not only on mobility through a set of desired outcomes but government through mobility” (Spinney, 2016, p. 454).
Measures to encourage walking, cycling and the use of public transport rather than the car both exemplify and reveal the change in local policy in Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia since 2015. The article explores the resources employed by politicians to re-politicise mobility by removing it from the purely technical sphere of transport management. This field of action is constructed around politicians whose positions and media strategies vary substantially. Without denying the limitations (fetishisation of the bicycle and focus on a handful of flagship urban operations), the article describes the discontinuities but also the continuities with the programmes of previous municipalities. It also highlights how mobility planning, through the reorganisation of public space, expresses the intentions and expectations associated with political change (behaviour modification, respect, public spirit). This new form of governance through infrastructure also leads to a profound reshaping of local relations between public and private actors, community movements working for new mobilities, and interest groups that remain largely wedded to the automobile.
Publisher keywords: bike polic, mobility policy, public space, Spain
Les mesures pour favoriser la marche, la pratique du vélo et l’usage des transports publics au détriment de l’automobile constituent à la fois un vecteur et un révélateur du changement politique local à Madrid, Barcelone et Valence depuis 2015. L’article explore les ressources mobilisées par les élus pour repolitiser la mobilité en la sortant de la sphère technique de la gestion des déplacements. Ce champ d’action se construit autour d’élus dont la posture et les stratégies médiatiques varient fortement. Sans nier les limites (fétichisation du vélo et focalisation sur quelques opérations urbanistiques phares) des pratiques politiques, l’article montre les ruptures mais aussi les effets de continuité avec les programmes des municipalités précédentes. L’étude souligne également que la planification des mobilités, à travers le réordonnancement de l’espace public, illustre et prétend faire advenir le changement politique attendu (pacification des comportements, respect, civisme). Cette forme renouvelée de gouvernance par l’infrastructure induit également des reconfigurations relationnelles profondes dans le système local de la mobilité, entre acteurs publics et privés, mais aussi entre mouvements associatifs en faveur des mobilités nouvelles et groupes d’intérêts encore majoritairement attachés à l’automobile.
- politique de mobilité
- espace public
- politique en faveur du vélo
- Espagne
Publisher keywords: espace public, Espagne, politique de mobilité, politique en faveur du vélo