https://shs.cairn.info/build/assets/cairn-B7RWiji2.png tag:cairn.info,2005:rss/revue/E_CEA Cairn.info 2026 2026-03-11T00:00:00+01:00 tag:cairn.info,2005:numero:E_CEA_261 2026-03-11T00:00:00+01:00 2026-03-11T00:00:00+01:00

This issue opens with a tribute to V. Y. Mudimbe and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, highlighting their intellectual legacy in working towards epistemic decolonization. At the heart of this issue is a dossier on land dispossession in the peri-urban areas of Bamako and Dakar and the forms of mobilization that result from it. Three varia articles complete the issue. The first deconstructs conventional understandings of fieldwork by analysing the unique position of a white female anthropologist who is married and integrated into Gabonese society, offering new epistemological perspectives. The second examines the issue of social group formation based on the case of boubanguéré merchants in the Central African Republic and the constraints imposed by international mechanisms on the functioning of the State and the actions of various actors. The last article examines the tension between geographical proximity and social distance in new urban neighbourhoods in Morocco, revealing the strength of class and status hierarchies that hinder efforts to achieve social diversity.

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Pages 9 to 14| “Redoing Africa Entirely” with V. Y. Mudimbe and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o | Marie-Aude Fouéré

Pages 15 to 44| The In-Law Anthropologist. Kinship, Privileges, Parallaxes | Alice Aterianus-Owanga

Pages 45 to 71| The Rise of boubanguérés: International Liberal Constraints and the Emergence of a Social Group in the Central African Republic | Mathilde Tarif

Pages 73 to 99| Spatial Proximity and Social Distance in the Resettlement Neighbourhoods of Moroccan New Cities | Jaouad Agudal, Si Mohamed Chakki

Pages 103 to 112| Addressing Land Conflicts in the Outskirts of Metropolitan Areas | Monique Bertrand, Philippe Lavigne Delville

Pages 113 to 134| Power Relations on the Outskirts of Bamako: Examining Social Protests Through the Lens of “Land Requisitions” | Mamadou Kouma

Pages 135 to 158| Complex Trajectories of Mobilization Against Land Dispossession in the Peri-Urban Area of Dakar (Senegal) | Serigne A. Lahat Ndiaye

Pages 159 to 180| “Who Does the Prefect Work For?” Feelings of Injustice and Relations to the State in Peri-urban Land Mobilizations in Senegal | Philippe Lavigne Delville

Pages 181 to 205| Clarifying Land Rights! Digital Promises to the Test of Land Conflicts on the Outskirts of Bamako | Monique Bertrand

Pages 207 to 210| Monique Bertrand, Une Afrique des convoitises foncières, regards croisés depuis le Mali | Alphonse Yapi-Diahou

Pages 210 to 214| Bérénice Bon, Claire Simonneau, Éric Denis, Philippe Lavigne Delville, Conversions ordinaires des usages des sols liées à l’urbanisation dans les Suds. Habitation, capitalisation, mutations de l’agriculture | Momar Diongue

Pages 214 to 217| Tom Goodfellow, Politics and the Urban Frontier : Transformation and Divergence in Late Urbanizing East Africa | Monique Bertrand

Pages 217 to 220| Véronique Hertrich, Olivia Samuel, Enfance et famille au Mali. Trente ans d’enquêtes démographiques en milieu rural | Doris Bonnet

Pages 220 to 224| Mehdi Labzaé, Partisans, fonctionnaires et paysans. Une enquête sur l’État-parti en Éthiopie | Alain Gascon

Pages 225 to 227| Claire Mercer, The Suburban Frontier. Middle-Class Construction in Dar es Salaam | Bérénice Bon

Pages 227 to 231| Paula Meth, Sarah Charlton, Tom Goodfellow, Alison Todes, Living the Urban Periphery. Infrastructure, Everyday Life and Economic Change in African City-Region | Claire Simonneau

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This varia issue reflects the crucial role of the history of colonialism in the study of the logics of categorization and asymmetrization of individuals and types of knowledge (French merchant navy; British Sudan). It also recalls the heuristic force of a connected history, which pays attention to the exchange of goods and the migration of people in order to revisit the construction of political formations (Madagascar). Finally, it is through ethnographic approaches close to the social actors that the political transactions within the local electoral game (Cameroon) or the inventive appropriation of the gestures and danced movements of krump (Senegal) are vividly revealed.

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Pages 847 to 867| Natives on Board: The African Colonial Workforce of French Shipping Companies (1859-1958) | Laurent Jolly

Pages 869 to 893| Knowledge and Categorization in British Eastern Sudan. Towards Decolonizing the Historical Anthropology of Native Administration | Abdaljbar A. M. M. Ejami

Pages 895 to 925| Sacred Kingships in Madagascar (15th-19th Centuries). For a Reassessment of their History, at the Crossroads of the Worlds of the Indian Ocean | Philippe Beaujard

Pages 927 to 951| Doing Politics in the Village. Voting and Political Transactionalism in Southern Cameroon | Yves Valéry Obame

Pages 953 to 979| Learning from Film. The (Re)appropriations of Rize by Dakar’s Krumpers | Mahalia Lassibille

Pages 981 to 985| Marie Pierre Ballarin , Klara Boyer-Rossol, Les esclavages en Afrique. Passé(s), présent(s) et héritages | Bocar Niang

Pages 986 to 988| Philippe Beaujard, Médecine et magie dans le Sud-Est de Madagascar. Les devins-guérisseurs et l’usage des plantes | Daria Vinogradova

Pages 988 to 989| Dorothée Boulanger, Susanne Gehrmann, Arts et activismes afroqueers. Littératures, images, performances | Atim Mackin

Pages 990 to 992| Saskia Cousin Kouton, Ògún et les matrimoines. Histoires de Porto-Novo, Xọ̀gbónù, Àjàṣẹ | Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 992 to 995| Natasha Erlank, Convening Black Intimacy: Christianity, Gender, and Tradition in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa | Julie Maestri

Pages 995 to 998| Pierre Guidi, Jean-Luc Martineau, Florence Wenzek, L’école en mutation. Politiques et dynamiques scolaires en Afrique (années 1940-1980) | Alison Morano

Pages 998 to 1000| Job Ludolf, Histoire de l’Éthiopie, Livre IV | Alain Gascon

Pages 1001 to 1004| Erin Pettigrew, Invoking the Invisible in the Sahara : Islam, Spiritual Mediation, and Social Change | Élise Paysant

Pages 1004 to 1009| Reproductive travel to the Maghreb: Experiences of a new medical industry | Doris Bonnet

Pages 1009 to 1015| Patrice Yengo, L’ordre de la transgression. La souveraineté à l’épreuve du temps global | Nicolas Martin-Granel

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African women’s capacity of action, both individual and collective, is well established, as is the persistence of structural inequalities between men and women. Examining real-life practices and discourses, this special issue explores diverse forms of women’s agency. In Saint-Louis, Senegal, wives confront their husbands without challenging their authority. Women in Nosy Be organize their marital lives to benefit their social trajectory — a strategy which resonates with the commitment to agroecology by some women in Senegal or economic-sexual transactions on the border between Zambia and the DRC. And while feminist activists in Togo and Chad oppose patriarchy and “negofeminism,” gender equality is not always on the agenda of other women’s collectives, like in Burkina Faso or Mayotte. The shifting of gender norms may not be the horizon of women’s ordinary practices and feminist struggles: this perplexing situation invites us to question the heuristic power of the notion of gender and its uses.

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Pages 599 to 621| Gender tensions? Structural Inequalities and Women’s Agency in Africa | Ismaël Moya, Laure Moguérou, Sadio Ba Gning, Charlotte Vampo

Pages 623 to 647| Seeking Life at the Border. Migrant Women Traders and Hegemonic Masculinity in Kasumbalesa (Zambia/DRC) | Sylvie Ayimpam

Pages 649 to 670| “Vernacular” Ecofeminism and Female Agentivity in Agroecological Practices in Senegal | Marie-Thérèse Sene

Pages 671 to 692| Distance and Struggle in Marital Relationships in Guet Ndar (Saint-Louis, Senegal) | Delphine Durand Sall

Pages 693 to 715| Building a Life and Shaping One’s Desires: Emotional Labor, Conjugality and Kinship in the Nosy Be Archipelago (North-West Madagascar) | Lola Rolland

Pages 717 to 742| Faso Young Feminists: A Non-Subversive Movement? | Adjara Konkobo, Maud Saint-Lary

Pages 743 to 773| Feminist, African, French-Speaking and Radical Activists in Togo and Tchad | Charlotte Vampo

Pages 775 to 794| Charismatic and Collective Domination from the Tickers of Mayotte | Mamaye Idriss

Pages 795 to 812| Feminists and Muslims: An Outdated Oxymoron? | Sarah El Couhen

Pages 813 to 816| Pascale Barthélémy, Sororité et Colonialisme. Françaises et Africaines au temps de la guerre froide (1944-1962) | Laure Moguérou

Pages 816 to 819| Emmanuelle Bouilly, Virginie Dutoya, Marie Saiget, Special Issue “The Production and Circulation of Gender Knowledge: Feminist Views from the Global South,” Journal of International Women’s Studies, 23 (2) | Anneke Newman

Pages 820 to 823| Lesley Braun, Congo’s Dancers. Women and Work in Kinshasa | Sylvie Ayimpam

Pages 823 to 826| Ioana Cîrstocea, Delphine Lacombe, Élisabeth Marteu, La globalisation du genre. Mobilisations, cadres d’actions, savoirs | Charlotte Vampo

Pages 827 to 829| Charmain Levy, Andrea Martinez, Genre, féminismes et développement : une trilogie en construction | Agnès Adjamagbo

Pages 830 to 832| Saliou Ngom, Femmes et politique au Sénégal : les dynamiques imbriquées d’inclusion-exclusion de l’indépendance à nos jours | Cécile Petitdemange

Pages 832 to 836| Fania Noël, Dix questions sur les féminismes noirs ; Soumaya Mestiri, Pour un féminisme décentré. Recadrer, résister | Fabienne Samson

Pages 836 to 838| Daniel Jordan Smith, To Be a Man Is Not a One-Day Job. Masculinity, Money, and Intimacy in Nigeria | Delphine Manetta

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This issue reflects our aim to publish cutting-edge research themes and approaches, with a short biography of an emblematic figure in Nigerian political life and a reflexive essay on the researcher’s positioning during and after fieldwork. It also explores times of turmoil or crisis and their many effects: the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso, the 1990 war in Rwanda, land conflicts in Mali, the militia youth in post-revolutionary Congo, and Muslim web-predication in post-crisis Côte d’Ivoire. The tribute to Jean-Louis Boutillier highlights his exemplary career and the power of anthropology to study the social world.

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Pages 331 to 341| Jean-Louis Boutillier (1926-2024). “A Distanced, Benevolent and Ironic Magisterium” | Jean-Pierre Dozon, Allison Sanders

Pages 343 to 405| From the Free Education Scheme to the Defence of Nigerian Democracy in the Yoruba Area, the Emblematic Path of Michael A. Ajasin (1908-1997) | Jean-Luc Martineau

Pages 407 to 431| Writing the History of Ethnic Propaganda at Local Level in Rwanda. The Commune of Gikomero and the 1990 War | Philibert Gakwenzire

Pages 433 to 457| Naming Evils: Land Conflicts and Political Subjectivation in Mali | Monique Bertrand

Pages 459 to 479| Elections at Any Price: Political Parties and the Health Crisis in Burkina Faso | Abdoul Karim Saidou

Pages 481 to 500| Capturing Intra-Party Democracy in Cameroon. The Example of Candidate Nomination Practices in Local Elections | Raymond Mbebi Ndema

Pages 501 to 518| From the Congolese Guardians of the Revolution to a Militia of Youngsters (1965-2007) | Suzie Guth

Pages 519 to 543| The Posture of the “Tamed Researcher.” Investigating the Professionalization of Community Health Workers in Senegal | Abdoulaye Moussa Diallo

Pages 545 to 569| Da’wa in the Street in Post-Crisis Côte d’Ivoire: A New Form of Preaching in the Digital Age | Sékou Traoré

Pages 571 to 574| Aurégan Xavier & Pairault Thierry (eds.), Africa and its multiple forms of Chinese presence... | Cai Chen

Pages 574 to 576| Irène Bono, Un entrepreneur du national au Maroc. Ahmed Benkirane, traces et discrétion Karthala, 2024, 555 pages. | Fabienne Samson

Pages 576 to 579| Amélie Chekroun, La conquête de l’Éthiopie. Un jihad au XVIe siècle | Alain Gascon

Pages 579 to 582| Chrétien Jean-Pierre, Explorateurs et explorés au Burundi. Une vraie-fausse rencontre (1858-1900) | Pierre Boilley

Pages 582 to 583| Jean-Paul Colleyn & Mingoro Sanogo, Les « dit-on » et autres récits plus sérieux. Mali, 1980-2020 | Robert Launay

Pages 584 to 585| Susan Elizabeth Gagliardi, Seeing the Unseen. Arts of Power Associations on the Senufo-Mande Cultural “Frontier” | Robert Launay

Pages 585 to 590| Clélia Lacam, Le Bleu et le Noir. Jeux de pouvoirs dans une mission catholique féminine (Gabon, 1911-1955) | Douglas Yates

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This issue explores imaginaries of freedom and experiences of emancipation where the quest for individualization and collective aspirations are intertwined. What are the hopes of young Ghanaian women who head off to Accra to sell their labour on the markets? Why is armed struggle used as a tool of emancipation in Mali? How are political languages, protest experiences and State-building articulated in Somaliland? Ethnographic cases and theoretical reflections reveal the extent to which ideals and hopes of freedom, as much as experiences and actions of emancipation, benefit from being studied as closely as possible to real practices, in the ordinary course of life. They also take into account the weight of past legacies, such as those of slavery and colonization, and the neoliberal dynamics present in the processes of socio-political and existential openness.

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Pages 9 to 37| Into the ordinary of freedom and emancipation | Alice Bellagamba, Alessandro Gusman, Cadenza Academic Translations, Seán Morris, Caroline Leonard, Mark Mellor

Pages 39 to 64| From Relational Well-Being to Ease of Life: Historicizing the Notion of Heɓtaare in the Western Periphery of Fouta-Djalon | Ismailou Baldé, Alice Bellagamba

Pages 65 to 96| Itineraries of Emancipation through Violence: Jihad, Self-defense, Land Tenure and the Memory of Slavery in Central Mali | Ibrahima Poudiougou, Cadenza Academic Translations, Adam Lozier, Marie Cloux, Mark Mellor

Pages 97 to 125| Autonomy in the Margins or Power in the In-Between? Imaginaries of Freedom and Practices of Intermediation in the Lake Environment of Southern Benin | Riccardo Ciavolella

Pages 127 to 152| Being Young Kel Tamasheq and Looking for a Job in Bamako. Autonomy, Interdependence, and Mobility | Giulia Gonzales

Pages 153 to 178| “Libérez le vieux!” Ethnographic Notes on the Comeback of Laurent Gbagbo in Côte d’Ivoire | Armando Cutolo

Pages 179 to 201| “We Are Not Hopeless Women”: Expectations of Freedom among Female Head Porters (kayayei) in Ghana | Alessandra Brivio

Pages 203 to 229| What Is a “Real Liberation”? Political Languages of Freedom in the Somali Territories Across Conflicts and Generations | Luca Ciabarri, Elia Vitturini

Pages 231 to 256| Marrying Uncertainty: Matrimonial Practices and Logics of Emancipation in Touba, Senegal | Guido Nicolas Zingari

Pages 257 to 286| Power, Transgression, and Freedom. A Conversation with Patrice Yengo | Patrice Yengo, Armando Cutolo

Pages 287 to 298| Infra-Liberating Experiences in Dakar: Steps Towards an Anthropology of the Alternative. Conversation with Thomas Fouquet | Thomas Fouquet, Alice Bellagamba, Armando Cutolo, Alessandro Gusman

Pages 299 to 301| Amselle Jean-Loup, L’invention du Sahel | Valerio Colosio

Pages 302 to 304| Amselle Jean-Loup, L’invention du Sahel | Jeanne Heurtault

Pages 305 to 308| Séverine Awenengo Dalberto, L’idée de la Casamance autonome: Possibles et dettes morales de la situation coloniale au Sénégal, Karthala, 2024 | Bocar Niang

Pages 309 to 311| Bošković Aleksandar Schlee Günther, African Political Systems Revisited | Marco Gardini

Pages 311 to 314| Diack Safietou, Les jeunes de la rue à Dakar. Être faqman, entre marginalisation et reconnaissance sociale | Rita Finco

Pages 314 to 316| Kavwahirehi Kasereka, Les leviers de l’émancipation. Éducation, culture et démocratie en Afrique | Gervais Désiré Yamb

Pages 316 to 320| Nakao Sakiko, Nationaliser le panafricanisme : la décolonisation au Sénégal, en Haute-Volta et au Ghana (1945-1962) | Shoichiro Takezawa

Pages 320 to 322| Taylor Keeanga-Yamahtta, Black Lives Matter : le renouveau de la révolte noire américaine | Marta Scaglioni

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Pages 499 to 519| In memory of Jean-Pierre Sainton: History in light of the Antillean independence movement | Jean-Luc Bonniol

Pages 521 to 526| The work of American historian Richard Roberts on French Sudan | Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 527 to 557| Marxism Facing “Primitive” Societies but Lagging behind Anthropology? | Jean Copans

Pages 559 to 582| The Salafization of Niger Society and the State | Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan

Pages 583 to 605| Making the Vodun: The Concept of Assemblage, Beyond the Fetish and the God-Object | Alessandra Brivio

Pages 607 to 633| The Tirailleurs of Cameroon Faced with the Politicisation of Colonial Space and the Emergence of the Nationalist Movement (UPC), (1944-1960) | Léonel Noubou Noumowe 

Pages 635 to 662| Transnational Senegalese Childhood and Adolescence: Interwoven Moralities in a Dual Socialization Between Host Country and Senegal | Nicolas Mabillard

Pages 663 to 683| On the Absence of Conviction and Exoneration Despite the Profusion of Narratives fuelling Witchcraft Investigations in Ewe Country, Togo | Coline Desq

Pages 685 to 711| From the Nightclub to the National Assembly: Gender, Morality and Rap in Cameroon | Jean-Marcellin Manga

Pages 713 to 730| Parenthood: First Anthropological and Africanist Works | Yazid Ben Hounet

Pages 731 to 765| Divide and Rule. Geopolitics of Administrative Boundaries and State-Building in Cameroon (West Region) | Gaëtan Omgba Mimboe

Pages 767 to 793| Visibility and Invisibility in the Algerian Public Space: Mozabite Women’s Strategies for Veiling in M’Zab and El-Eulma | Nora Gueliane, Kaouther Abderrezek

Pages 795 to 816| Royal Epic Writings and Warlike Political Identity in the Bamun Kingdom (Cameroon) | Aïcha Pemboura

Pages 817 to 828| Richard Roberts’s Contribution to the History and Anthropology of the French Sudan | Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 829 to 833| Jean-Loup Amselle, Critique de la raison animiste | Amélie Aristelle Ekassi

Pages 833 to 837| Sidy Cissokho, Le transport a le dos large. Les gares routières, les chauffeurs et l’État au Sénégal (1968–2014), Éditions de l’EHESS, 2022, 278 pages | Sylvie Ayimpam

Pages 838 to 840| Marc Fontrier, Atlas généalogique du peuple somali | Alain Gascon

Pages 840 to 843| Joanna Härnä, Low-Fee Private Schooling and Poverty in Developing Countries | Nathalie Bonini

Pages 843 to 846| Jean-Pierre Jacob, Les Winye du centre-ouest Burkina Faso. Mort, mariage et naissance dans une société de la frontière, In Fine Éditions d’art, Fondation culturelle Musée Barbier-Mueller, 2023, 192 pages | Anne Fournier

Pages 846 to 849| Karim Lebhour, Vincent Defait (writers), Trinidad Léo (art), Une saison en Éthiopie. Chinafrique, état d’urgence et macchiato | Alain Gascon

Pages 849 to 851| Samson Abebe Bezabeh, Djibouti. A Political History | Simon Imbert-Vier

Pages 852 to 857| Pierre-Alain Tallier, Van Eeckenrode Marie & Van Schuylenbergh Patricia (eds.), Belgique, Congo, Rwanda et Burundi. Guide des sources de l’histoire de la colonisation | Léon Saur

Pages 858 to 860| Laurent Vidal, Si belle en son miroir. Singularités et marginalisations de l’anthropologie | Amalia Dragani

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Pages 257 to 279| Discouraging Departures? Actors, Ambivalences, and Understandings of Migration Deterrence in Africa | Camille Cassarini, Aïssatou Mbodj-Pouye, Kelly Poulet

Pages 281 to 305| A “Migrantisation” of Borderwork? Emergence, Work Status, and Careers of Peer Intermediaries in Morocco’s Migration Industry: The Case of Voluntary Returns | Anissa Maâ

Pages 303 to 356| Smugglers vs. Students: Migration Deterrence and Understandings of Risk Among Eritrean Refugees in Ethiopia | Jennifer Riggan, Amanda Poole

Pages 307 to 331| Inconspicuous Spaces of Migration Control at the Margins of “Development”. When “Pan-African Entrepreneurship” Makes Border in Tunisia | Camille Cassarini

Pages 357 to 376| “When Radio Helps People to Find their Way”: Public Sensitizing Campaigns and the Fight against Migration in Casamance (Senegal) | Doudou Dièye Gueye

Pages 377 to 401| Contested Strategies of Migration Governance: Visible Actors and Invisible Discourses of Information Campaigns in Senegambia | Valentina Cappi, Alagie Jinkang, Pierluigi Musarò

Pages 403 to 420| Koma Coulibaly, a District Chief and Raising Awareness of the “Exodus” Problem: Controlling and Preventing Emigration in Garalo (Mali), 1962-1967 | Daouda Gary-Tounkara

Pages 421 to 442| When Reintegration Programmes Challenge Citizenship: The “Returnee” Figure in Nigeria and Mali | Maybritt Jill Alpes, Almamy Sylla

Pages 443 to 458| The Right to Travel for Everyone! Interview with Mamadou Dia, “Eternal Migrant”and President of Hahatay Gandiol, Senegal | Kelly Poulet

Pages 459 to 461| Andrikopoulos Apostolos. — Argonauts of West Africa: Unauthorized Migration and Kinship Dynamics in a Changing Europe | Chelsie Yount-André

Pages 461 to 463| Chappatte André. — In Search of Tunga: Prosperity, Almighty God, and Lives in Motion in a Malian Provincial Town | Pietro Fornasetti

Pages 464 to 466| Dessertine Anna. — À quoi tient le village. Espaces et mobilités en pays malinké (Guinée) | André Chappatte

Pages 466 to 469| Diago Alassane. — Les larmes de l’émigration Jiménez Mary & Liénard Bénédicte. — On la nomme brûlure | Elena Sacchi

Pages 470 to 475| Kane Hamedine. — La maison bleue | Jennifer Bajorek

Pages 476 to 478| Lasserre Marie, Ndiaye Thierno, Assemat Franck & Scheidt Yoann. — Traverses | Anna Cuomo

Pages 478 to 480| Minvielle Régis. — Le bout de la terre : migrants africains à Buenos Aires | Ndèye Coumba Diouf

Pages 481 to 483| Schmoll Camille. — Les damnées de la mer. Femmes et frontières en Méditerranée | Elsa Maarawi

Pages 483 to 485| Vanderhurst Stacey. — Unmaking Migrants. Nigeria’s Campaign to End Human Trafficking | Élodie Apard

Pages 485 to 490| Wane Birane (fondateur). — Festival Back to The Roots | Laura Feal

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Half of a Yellow Sun contradict Frantz Fanon’s thesis about the intellectual laziness of the African middle classes (M. Ghazi Alghamdi).]]>

Pages 9 to 21| Marc Augé. “As Time Goes By” | Jean-Pierre Dozon

Pages 23 to 59| Transport in Dakar. When Ndiaga Ndiaye’s Itinerary Speaks of Senegal’s History | Jérôme Lombard, Catherine Valton

Pages 61 to 91| New Online Histories from Memorial Portrait Photographs of Nigerian Nationalists Posted on Social Media | Okechukwu Nwafor

Pages 93 to 121| Dabbling at the Heart of the Threat. The Poisoning of Pastor Aron, a Refugee from the DRC in Kampala (Uganda) | Aude Franklin

Pages 123 to 148| The Devil You Know… Familiarity, Legitimacy, and Religious Mobility in Pentecostalised Kenya | Yonatan N. Gez, Yvan Droz

Pages 149 to 175| Food Strategies and Gender Privilege in the 21st Century Rufiji (Tanzania). An Economic Ethnography Approach | Jean-Luc Paul, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Kassim Kindinda

Pages 177 to 201| Knowledge Production by Yorùbá Literary Intellectuals from Nigeria as Decolonial Performance | Samuel Ayọ̀bámi Akínrúlí, Luana Carla Martins Campos Akínrúlí

Pages 203 to 220| Revisiting Fanon’s Reading of National Consciousness through Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun | Mohammed Ghazi Alghamdi

Pages 221 to 228| Adler Laure. — Françoise Héritier, le goût des autres. Gaillard Gérald. — Françoise Héritier, la biographie. GaillardGérald. — Françoise Héritier | Jean Copans

Pages 228 to 232| Le génocide d’Aycha’a de 1960. Éclairage sur une tragédie occultée. Ali Moussa Iyé (ed.), Djibouti, IRICA Publications, 2021, 206 pages | Alain Gascon

Pages 232 to 235| Deridder Marie. — Élites, élections et transformation du politique au Mali | Anaïs Ménard

Pages 235 to 237| Klein Martin. — Esclavage et pouvoir colonial en Afrique occidentale française | Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch

Pages 237 to 241| Une décolonisation de la pensée: Études de philosophie afrocentrique. Ernest-Marie Mbonda, Paris, Sorbonne université presses, 2021 | Thibault Tranchant

Pages 241 to 245| Papin Delphine & Tertrais Bruno. — L’Atlas des frontières. Murs, migrations, conflits | Alain Gascon

Pages 245 to 247| Tymowski Michal. — Europeans and Africans: Mutual Discoveries and First Encounters | Robert Launay

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Pages 431 to 456| Restitution from the Perspective of Return | Saskia Cousin, Anne Doquet, Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet

Pages 457 to 471| Entre(p)lacements. Dominique Malaquais, Performance, Restitution and Politics | Julie Peghini, Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet

Pages 473 to 491| Conversation with Felwine Sarr: “Thinking about Restitution from Within” | Felwine Sarr, Christine Douxami

Pages 493 to 510| Restitution of African Objects: Formats of History, Processes of Justice and Definitions of Heritage | Claire Bosc-Tiessé

Pages 511 to 526| Conversation with Nora Philippe about the Documentary Film Restitution? Africa’s Fight for Its Art | Nora Philippe, Saskia Cousin, Anne Doquet

Pages 527 to 541| To Return, Share, Repair: Designing a Legal Framework for the Future | Vincent Négri

Pages 543 to 563| Dogon Art and Restitution. Malian Perspectives and Western Imaginations | Anne Doquet, Youssouf Karambé

Pages 565 to 597| People’s Things. The Heritage of Some and Others in the Patrimonialization of Ethnicity in Cameroon and Mali | Germain Loumpet

Pages 599 to 613| Note on the Repatriation of Looted or Illegally Exported Cameroonian Cultural Goods. A Strategy between Complexity and Precaution | Hugues Heumen Tchana

Pages 615 to 630| A Note on the Trajectories of the Republic of Benin’s “Repatriated Heritage” in the 21st Century | Paul Akogni, Didier Marcel Houénoudé

Pages 631 to 658| Agoojiée! Or Gu’s Sabers. Economies of (Non-)Restitution (Benin) | Saskia Cousin, Sara Tassi, Madina Yêhouétomé

Pages 659 to 690| In the Footsteps of Omar ibn Saïd, a Muslim Slave from Fuuta Tooro | Mamarame Seck

Pages 691 to 709| Political Fiction and Historical Imaginaries of the Return of African Heritage to Senegal. About L’or de Ninki Nanka, A Series by Sokhna Benga | Martin Mourre

Pages 711 to 745| Restitutions and Positionalities. Multiple Voices and Silent Resistance in the (Re)definitions of Postcolonial Heritage (Senegal) | Hélène Quashie

Pages 747 to 780| Three Contemporary Art Stories about Missing Objects. Undertaking in Nigeria from the Point of View of Restitutions | Emmanuelle Spiesse

Pages 781 to 801| Conversation with Maboula Soumahoro. Restitution, Returns and Diasporas | Maboula Soumahoro, Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet, Saskia Cousin

Pages 803 to 833| Restitute African Heritage or “Liberate Africa from the Forces of Evil”. The Mobilisation of an Afrocentric Movement for Restitution | Ysé Auque-Pallez

Pages 835 to 858| The Book Liberator. Rastafari and the Return of Maqdala’s Artefacts to Ethiopia | Giulia Bonacci, Aleema Gray

Pages 859 to 878| A Note on the Return of Patrice Lumumba’s Tooth: Restitution, Politics, and Media | Annélie Delescluse, Emmanuel Murhula A. Nashi

Pages 879 to 909| Colonialities, Postcolonialities, and Heritages in/from Cameroon. Foumban, Douala, Stuttgart | Sandra Ferracuti, Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet, Pascal Ndjock Nyobé

Pages 911 to 928| The Art of Polemics: Tervuren-Kinshasa, 1930-2022 | Placide Mumbembele Sanger

Pages 929 to 952| The Statues Are Crying Too. Critical Reception of the Exhibition Sur la route des chefferies du Cameroun, du visible à l'invisible | Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet

Pages 953 to 969| Conversation with Felicity Bodenstein on the Database Digital Benin | Felicity Bodenstein, Anne Doquet, Alexandra Galitzine-Loumpet

Pages 971 to 984| A Note on The Swiss Benin Initiative. Identifying Looted Artefacts and Addressing Their Return | Alice Hertzog, Enibokun Uzebu-Imarhiagbe

Pages 985 to 1000| From the Genesis of the Sarr-Savoy Report to Its Implementation. Philosophy and Epistemology of Restitutions of African Heritage | Josua Gaboriau

Pages 1001 to 1006| Albarn Damon & Sissako Abderrahmane. — Le vol du boli | Émilie Guitard

Pages 1006 to 1008| Beaujean Gaëlle. — L’art de cour à Abomey. Le sens des objets | Emmanuelle Kadya Tall

Pages 1008 to 1010| Bodenstein Felicity, Oţoiu Damiana & Troelenberg Eva-Maria (eds.). — Contested Holdings. Museum Collections in Political, Epistemic and Artistic Processes of Return | Didier Nativel

Pages 1011 to 1013| Bondaz Julien & Frioux-Salgas Sara (eds.). — dossier thématique « Tous les musées du monde » | Anna Seiderer

Pages 1013 to 1016| Girard-Muscagorry Alexandre & Nur Goni Marian (eds.). — dossier thématique « Patrimoines africains. Les performances politiques des objets » | Elara Bertho

Pages 1017 to 1018| Hicks Dan. — The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution | Vincent Hiribarren

Pages 1019 to 1022| Invisible Inventories. Questioning Kenyan Collections into Western Museums. — Exposition présentée au National Museums of Kenya | Marie-Aude Fouéré, Maëline Le Lay

Pages 1022 to 1026| Laely Thomas, Meyer Marc & Schwere Raphael (eds.). — Museums Cooperation between Africa and Europe. A New Field for Museum Studies | Julien Bondaz

Pages 1026 to 1028| Murphy Maureen. — Voir autrement | Maëline Le Lay

Pages 1029 to 1031| Savoy Bénédicte. — Le long combat de l’Afrique pour son art. Histoire d’une défaite postcoloniale | Didier Marcel Houénoudé

Pages 1032 to 1034| Silverman Raymond, Abungu George & Probst Peter (eds.). — National Museums in Africa. Identity, History and Politics | Éloi Ficquet

Pages 1034 to 1037| Tervonen Tania. — Les otages. Contre-histoire d’un butin colonial | Anne Doquet

Pages 1038 to 1041| Zerbini Laurick. — L’Afrique noire en vitrines. Lyon 1860-1960 | Odile Goerg

Pages 1041 to 1043| Zerbini Laurick (ed.). — L’objet africain dans les expositions et les musées missionnaires (XIX^e-XXI^e siècle) : dépouiller, partager, restituer | Gaëlle Beaujean

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Pages 219 to 238| Doing Fieldwork as a Rich and Mixed-Race Woman in Burundi. Power, Fieldwork Study Relations, and Methodological Readjustment | Zoé Quétu

Pages 239 to 267| The Actors in the Transformation of the Film and Audiovisual Industry in Côte d'Ivoire Since 1961 | Yahaglin David Camara

Pages 269 to 290| Endogeneous Civil Protection Initiatives and Local Conceptions of Peace in Northern Cameroon | Cécile Dubernet, Pascal Borne Djeumegued

Pages 291 to 307| The Inclusion of Pygmies in the Decision-Making Sphere of Forest Resource Management in Central Africa | Martin Raymond Willy Mbog Ibock

Pages 311 to 313| Critical Insights in Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa | Éloi Ficquet

Pages 315 to 341| Agile Health Governance? The Experiment of Medical Drones in the Management of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Ghana | Georges Macaire Eyenga

Pages 343 to 362| International Aid and Educational Governance in Pandemic Situation: Covid-19 in Cameroon | Claire Lefort-Rieu, Fulbert Ngodji

Pages 363 to 383| Crisis Politics and the 2020 “Imposition of Restrictions Act” in Ghana | Alena Thiel, Humphrey Agyekum

Pages 385 to 386| Brandström Per. — Mhola — The Utopia of Peace. An Ethnographic Exploration of the Sungusungu Movement in Tanzania | Marie-Aude Fouéré

Pages 387 to 390| Bras Jean-Philippe (ed.). — Faire l’histoire du droit colonial. Cinquante ans après l’indépendance de l’Algérie | Élise Paysant

Pages 390 to 392| Chaillot Christine. — L’enseignement traditionnel de l’Église éthiopienne orthodoxe täwadeho. Foi et spiritualité | Anaïs Wion

Pages 392 to 400| Chavoz Ninon. — Inventorier l’Afrique. La tentation encyclopédique dans l’espace francophone subsaharien des années 1920 à nos jours | Gaetano Ciarcia

Pages 400 to 404| Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine. — Le choix de l’Afrique. Les combats d’une pionnière de l’histoireafricaine | Chloé Maurel

Pages 404 to 405| Gravesen Marie Ladekjær. — The Contested Lands of Laikipia: Histories of Claims and Conflict in a Kenyan Landscape | Yvan Droz

Pages 405 to 408| Haddis Alemayehou (Haddis Alämayähu). — L’amour jusqu’au tombeau | Alain Gascon

Pages 408 to 411| Motta Marco. — Esprits fragiles. Réparer les liens ordinaires à Zanzibar | Sophie Blanchy

Pages 412 to 415| Press Steven. — Blood and Diamonds: Germany’s Imperial Ambitions in Africa | Douglas Yates

Pages 415 to 417| Regnier Denis. — Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar: Ethnography, History, Cognition | Valentine Hallard

Pages 418 to 420| Wolff Ernst. — Lire Ricœur depuis la périphérie. Décolonisation, modernité, herméneutique | Louise Barré

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Pages 9 to 36| Produce, Export but Control the Khat Money (Dire Dawa, Ethiopia) | Céline Lesourd

Pages 37 to 62| Chinese Genius. Viral Video, Major Projects and Occult Ecologies in Sub-Saharan Africa | Julien Bondaz, Benjamin Frerot

Pages 63 to 83| Relations between West African Migrants (Senegal, Mauritania) and African Americans in the United States through the Lens of the Migration Issue | Olivier Leservoisier, Bruno Moynié

Pages 85 to 106| Seduction and Alcohol in Cape Verde. Gender Relations’ Transformations in a Creole Society | Justine Masseaux, Pierre-Joseph Laurent

Pages 107 to 131| The Bula Matari (Breaker of Rock) and the Judges. Congolese Efforts in the Campaign against the Red Rubber Regime (État indépendant du Congo, 1902-1904) | Rosario Giordano

Pages 133 to 156| Broidering Text and Image to Assert Citizenship: The Approach of Lucie Kamuswekera | Bogumil Jewsiewicki, Erik Kennes

Pages 157 to 179| “Singing in Tongues” as Esotericism and Postmodern Christianity. A Study of Contemporary Nigerian Gospel Music | Floribert Patrick C. Endong, Eugenie Grace Essoh Ndobo

Pages 181 to 183| Ancel Stéphane, Krzyżanowska Magdalena and Lemire Vincent. — Le moine sur le toit. Histoire d’un manuscrit éthiopien trouvé à Jérusalem (1904) | Alain Gascon

Pages 183 to 187| Dewel Serge. — Éthiopie, une histoire. Vingt siècles de construction nationale | Alain Gascon

Pages 187 to 189| Faure Armelle. — Révolution et sorcellerie. Une ethnologue au Burkina Faso | Alice Degorce

Pages 189 to 191| Fourchard Laurent. — Trier, exclure et policer. Vies urbaines en Afrique du Sud et au Nigeria | Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch

Pages 191 to 194| Gomez-Temesio Veronica. — L’État sourcier. Eau et politique au Sénégal | Bocar Niang

Pages 194 to 197| Hugon Anne. — Être mère en situation coloniale. Gold Coast, années 1910-1950. (Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2020) | Louise Barré

Pages 197 to 200| Ikogou-Renamy Lionel Cédrick. — Les économies occultes de l’or blanc au Gabon | Douglas Yates

Pages 200 to 202| Nobili Mauro. — Sultan, Caliph, and the Renewer of the Faith. Aḥmad Lobbo, the Tarikh al-Fattāsh, and the Islamic State in Africa | Ousmane Kane

Pages 202 to 205| Rubenson Sven (ed.) and Amsalu Aklilu, Shiferaw Bekele and Rubenson Samuel (co-eds.). — Colonial Powers and Ethiopian Frontiers 1880-1884 | Stéphane Ancel

Pages 205 to 208| Smith Constance. — Nairobi in the Making : Landscapes of Time and Urban Belonging | Yvan Droz

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Academic research on Islam rarely includes an analysis of social classes as a means to think about social differentiation between Muslims. Dogma (Sufis, Salafists, etc.) is the primary angle through which differences amongst Muslims are studied. Yet, in the contemporary regional contexts of Africa, especially North, West and Central Africa, where jihadist violence has reconfigured existing social belongings, many Muslims are redefining the norms of “good religiosity” through class markers. Focused mainly on Muslim women as central figures in these renewed forms of religiosity, the case studies presented in this issue show that class belonging, understood in socio-economic terms but also through embodied cultural and material practices, compels individual and group assertions of Muslimhood. In a reciprocal manner, the upholding of specific practices reinforces a sense of social differentiation. Urban contexts, where the “emerging middle classes” are most visible, are privileged sites to question a possible connection between the desire for social ascension and the claim to moral and religious elevation.

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Pages 679 to 695| Rethinking Islamic Religiosities in Africa: Social Class and Ways of Showing Oneself to Be Muslim | Fabienne Samson, Marie Nathalie LeBlanc

Pages 697 to 718| The In-Between Islam, or the Islam of the Powerful: The Uses of Good Religiosity in N’Djamena | Cécile Petitdemange

Pages 719 to 744| Norms of Good Morality of Muslim Women from Different Social Backgrounds in Conservative Algerian Contexts: Case Studies in the wilaya of Blida | Fabienne Samson

Pages 745 to 770| “This Year We Will Ski in Dubai:” Halal Tourism and Good Religiosity Among Abidjan’s Upper-Class Muslims | Marie Nathalie LeBlanc

Pages 771 to 796| “Madame est au niveau 2, et moi…?” Gendered Dynamics of Qur’an Reading Courses in Dakarois Francophone Educated Middle-Class Milieus | Nadine Sieveking

Pages 797 to 827| Female Muslim Students in Senegal. An Ethnography of Religious and Identity Diversity on University Campuses | Kae Amo

Pages 829 to 857| Temptations of Islam and Writings of Europhone Elites in Senegal. Which Production of New Islamic Norms? | Anouk Cohen, Mahamet Timéra

Pages 859 to 883| Muslim Religiosity in Times of Covid-19 in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire: A Dialogue between Health Norms and Religious Practices | Issouf Binaté, Louis Audet Gosselin, Zakaria Soré

Pages 885 to 900| A Committed Sufi Intellectual Face to “Salafist Elitism”. Interview with Souleymane Bachir Diagne | Fabienne Samson

Pages 901 to 902| Abubakar Dauda. — “They love us because we give them Zakāt.” The Distribution of Wealth and the Making of Social Relations in Northern Nigeria | Ousmane Kane

Pages 902 to 905| Ben Hounet Yazid and Therrien Catherine (eds.). — Les parentalités en Afrique musulmane. Repenser la famille à partir de l’intérêt de l’enfant et des transformations sociales | Louise Barré

Pages 905 to 908| Gez Yonathan N., Droz Yvan, Rey Jeanne and Soares Edio. — Butinage. The Art of Religious Mobility | Cécile Petitdemange

Pages 908 to 911| Hagberg Sten, Kibora Ludovic O., Barry Sidi, Cissao Yacouba, Gnessi Siaka, Kaboré Amado, Koné Bintou and Zongo Mariatou. — Sécurité par le bas. Perceptions et perspectives citoyennes des défis de sécurité au Burkina Faso | Fabienne Samson

Pages 911 to 914| Manetta Delphine and Samson Fabienne (eds.). — Du contrôle social en Afrique. Réflexivités autour du genre et de l’origine « locale » du chercheur | Anna Poujeau

Pages 914 to 918| Mbougar Sarr Mohamed. — Terre ceinte ; De purs hommes ; La plus secrète mémoire des hommes | Jean-Paul Colleyn, Fabienne Samson

Pages 918 to 920| Raufu Mustapha Abdul and Meagher Kate (eds.). — Overcoming Boko Haram. Faith, Society & Islamic Radicalization in Northern Nigeria | Éric Morier-Genoud

Pages 921 to 924| Schmitz Jean, Ould Cheikh Abdel Wedoud and Jourde Cédric (eds.). — Le Sahel musulman entre soufisme et salafisme. Subalternité, luttes de classement et transnationalisme | Amalia Dragani

Pages 924 to 927| Traoré Diahara. — Des musulmanes ouest-africaines au Québec. Entre subversion et conformité | Issouf Binaté

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Pages 441 to 459| New Light on the “Jaga” Episode in the History of Kongo (1567-1608) | John K. Thornton

Pages 461 to 485| Unschooled Minors in Mayotte: Exclusion Process and Relationships of Otherness | Alison Morano

Pages 487 to 514| History Education in Ethiopia Post-1991: Rethinking the Nation’s History in the Context of “Decolonization” Debates | Jon Abbink

Pages 515 to 537| Territorial Reforms in North Cameroon. Chieftaincy as a Mode of Control over Municipalities | José Donadoni Manga Kalniga

Pages 539 to 559| Women’s Trajectories. Masculine Power and Feminine Discrimination in Academia in Burundi, Cameroon and Gabon | Paule Christiane Bilé, Désiré Manirakiza, Fadimatou Mounsade Kpoundia

Pages 561 to 581| Songs as Local Historical Sources. Outline of a Historical Anthropology of the Joola | Paul Diédhiou

Pages 583 to 598| Véronique Tadjo’s Transnational Experience of South Africa in “Cette ville m’a giflée” | Aurélie Zannier-Wahengo

Pages 599 to 616| Identity and the Constraints of Exile: A Critical Study of African Woman in Mweze Dieudonné Ngangura’s Pièces d’identités | Olubunmi O. Ashaolu

Pages 617 to 620| Angelo Anaïs. — Power and the Presidency in Kenya : The Jomo Kenyatta Years | Yvan Droz

Pages 620 to 625| Argyriadis Kali, Gobin Emma, Laëthier Maud, Núñez González Niurka, Byron Jhon Picard (eds.). — Cuba-Haïti : engager l’anthropologie. Anthologie critique et histoire comparée (1884-1959) | Marie-José Jolivet

Pages 625 to 628| Augé Marc, Colleyn Jean-Paul, De Clippel Catherine, Dozon Jean-Pierre. — Vivre avec les dieux. Sur le terrain de l’anthropologie visuelle | Amalia Dragani

Pages 628 to 630| Augé Marc, Colleyn Jean-Paul, De Clippel Catherine, Dozon Jean-Pierre. — Vivre avec les dieux. Sur le terrain de l’anthropologie visuelle | Valerio Petrarca

Pages 631 to 635| Blanc Guillaume. — L’invention du colonialisme vert. Pour en finir avec le mythe de l’Éden africain | Alain Gascon

Pages 635 to 638| Blanc Guillaume. — L’invention du colonialisme vert. Pour en finir avec le mythe de l’Éden africain | Étienne Bourel

Pages 638 to 641| Broqua Christophe (ed.). — Se mobiliser contre le sida en Afrique. Sous la santé globale, les luttes associatives | Larissa Kojoué

Pages 642 to 644| Matières grises de l’urbain. La vie du ciment en Afrique. Armelle Choplin (Geneva: Métis presse, 2020) | Hélène Blaszkiewicz

Pages 644 to 647| Comberiati Daniele, Lounes-Vona Rosaria, Halen Pierre (eds.). — Des Italiens au Congo aux Italiens du Congo : aspects d’une glocalité | Ninon Chavoz

Pages 647 to 649| Drewes Abraham J. — Recueil des inscriptions de l’Ethiopie des périodes pré-axoumite et axoumite, Tome III - Traductions et commentaires. B. Les inscriptions sémitiques | Jean-François Breton

Pages 650 to 652| Fontaine Hugues. — Ménélik | Alain Gascon

Pages 653 to 655| Jolly Laurent. — Tirailleurs de la Côte des Somalis. Des mercenaires au service de la France ? | Simon Imbert-Vier

Pages 655 to 657| Leguy Cécile. — Façonner la parole en Afrique de l’Ouest | Alice Degorce

Pages 657 to 659| Livingston Julie. — Self-Devouring Growth. A Planetary Parable as Told from Southern Africa | Enrico Ille

Pages 659 to 664| Papyrakis Elissaios (ed.). — Why Does Development Fail in Resource Rich Economies: The Catch 22 of Mineral Wealth ; Steinberg Jessica. — Mines, Communities, and States: The Local Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Africa ; Gillies Alexandra. — Crude Intentions: How Oil Corruption Contaminates the World | Douglas Yates

Pages 664 to 667| Afrodystopie. La vie dans le rêve d’Autrui. Joseph Tonda (Paris: Karthala, 2021) | Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 668 to 670| Toulmin Camilla. — Land, Investment, and Migration: Thirty-five Years of Village Life in Mali | Philippe Lavigne Delville

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Reflections on wage labour in Africa have known different trends and been the subject of fluctuating interests, inscribed in plural historicities. This issue offers to renew its understanding in different sectors of activity. It is based on the recent increase in the waged fraction of the working classes in many countries, mobilised by construction sites, mines, plantations, security guards or through the monetisation of labour relationships that were not previously monetised. The present empirical and theoretical analyses aim to shed light on this phenomenon, all too discreet in the scientific debate and the understanding of global dynamics from an African perspective. This issue examines the practices and imaginaries associated with wage labour and the biographical trajectories of subaltern wage earners by drawing on several disciplinary horizons. Furthermore, it reassesses the wage relationship in Africa and reopens the debate on the analytical tools to study it.

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Pages 9 to 39| The wage earner in African Studies: A research topic that deserves more attention | Étienne Bourel, Guillaume Vadot

Pages 41 to 61| Labour, Ideas and Social Question in Contemporary African History. An Interview with Frederick Cooper | Guillaume Vadot, Étienne Bourel

Pages 63 to 91| Wage Labor outside Wage Societies. Shaping Workers’ Discontent into Legal Complaints in Senegal | Sidy Cissokho

Pages 93 to 122| Strong Men but Docile? Salarization of the Local Security Sector as Revealing the Hierarchization of Masculinities in Lagos (Nigeria) | Lucie Revilla

Pages 123 to 151| Labour, Incorporated: Dependent Contracting and Wageless Work in Africa’s “Responsible” Mines | Matthieu Bolay, Filipe Calvão

Pages 153 to 182| What is an “African Worker?” Market, Coercion and Mobility in French Equatorial Africa (1911-1940) | Ferruccio Ricciardi

Pages 183 to 205| Building Trust: Joint Salary Compensation Practices in the Private Security Sector in Cameroon | Yves Dieudonné Bapes Ba Bapes

Pages 207 to 239| An Increasing Dependence to Wage Labour in Family Farming? The Case of Seasonal Workers in Senegalese Family Farming (Niayes and Delta Regions) | Pierre Girard, Esther Laske, El Hadji Malick Sylla, Jérémy Bourgoin, Moussa Sall

Pages 241 to 263| Living and Working in a Chinese Enclave in Cameroon: The Workers of a “Major Structuring Projects for Emergence” | Gérard Amougou, Antoine Kernen, Fabien Nkot

Pages 265 to 290| A Life-Changing Salary? Wage Standards and Moral Economy in the Urban Context of Antananarivo (Madagascar) | Zoé Tinturier

Pages 291 to 318| Caught Between Precariousness and Privilege: An Ethnography of Tea Workers in Kenya and Burundi | Chloé Josse-Durand, Éric Ndayisaba

Pages 319 to 340| Wage Labor and Social Inequality in Kinshasa’s Informal Economy: A Class Analysis | Héritier Mesa

Pages 341 to 360| When Production Growth Does not Equate to Improved Living Conditions. Notes on Agricultural Workers in Balessing (West Cameroon) | Joel Boris Jiometio Tchinda, Hervé Tchekote, Thérèse Moulende

Pages 361 to 365| Baumann Eveline. — Sénégal, le travail dans tous ses états | Jean Copans

Pages 365 to 369| Bellucci Stefano, Eckert Andreas (eds.). — General Labour History of Africa. Workers, Employers and Governments, 20th-21st Centuries | Étienne Bourel, Guillaume Vadot

Pages 370 to 373| Benarrosh Yolande (ed.). — Le travail mondialisé au Maghreb. Approches interdisciplinaires | Gaia Gondino

Pages 373 to 376| Bernault Florence. — Colonial Transactions. Imaginaries, Bodies, and Histories in Gabon | Étienne Bourel

Pages 377 to 379| Bouvier Pierre. — La longue marche des tirailleurs sénégalais. De la grande guerre aux indépendances | Jean Copans

Pages 380 to 384| Breman Jan, Harris Kevan, Kwan Lee Ching, van der Linden Marcel (eds.). — The Social Question in the Twenty-First Century: A Global View | Emir Mahieddin

Pages 384 to 390| Callebert Ralph. — On Durban’s Docks. Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor | Jean Copans

Pages 390 to 394| Coyle Rosen Lauren. — Fires of Gold. Law, Spirit, and Sacrificial Labor in Ghana | Cristiano Lanzano

Pages 394 to 397| Driessen Miriam. — Tales of Hope, Tastes of Bitterness: Chinese Road Builders in Ethiopia | Cheryl Mei-ting Schmitz

Pages 397 to 403| Feldman Nehara. — Migrantes : du bassin du fleuve Sénégal aux rives de la Seine | Jean Copans

Pages 403 to 412| Hendriks Thomas. — Rainforest Capitalism. Power and Masculinity in a Congolese Timber Concession | Étienne Bourel

Pages 413 to 415| Paul Mercier, Dakar dans les années 1950, ed. Jean Copans (afterword), Jean-Luc Bonniol (foreword), (Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2021) | Bocar Niang

Pages 415 to 418| Mususa Patience. — There Used to Be Order. Life on the Copperbelt After the Privatisation of the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines | Étienne Bourel

Pages 419 to 421| Rubbers Benjamin (ed.). — Inside Mining Capitalism. The Micropolitics of Work on the Congolese and Zambian Copperbelts | Hélène Blaszkiewicz

Pages 421 to 424| Schler Lynn, Bethlehem Louise & Sabar Galia (eds.). — Rethinking Labour in Africa, Past and Present | Miles Larmer

Pages 424 to 427| Ungruhe Christian, Röschenthaler Ute, Diawara Mamadou (eds.).— Dossier “Working for Better Lives: Mobilities and Trajectories of Young People in West and Central Africa”, Cadernos de Estudios Africanos | Alizèta Ouédraogo

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Pages 745 to 752| Moussa Sow (1953-2021): a discreet and accurate author | Anne Doquet, Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 753 to 776| The state’s new eyes: Introducing video surveillance to the public space in Yaoundé, Cameroon | Georges Macaire Eyenga

Pages 777 to 797| When International Aid Strengthens the Presence of the State at the Margins of its Territory. The Case of Central African Refugees in East Cameroon | Claire Lefort-Rieu, Calvin Minfegue

Pages 799 to 829| The Sun Is a Mammal. African Origin of a Mythological Motif | Julien d’Huy

Pages 831 to 858| Itineraries of Kamba Simango : A Dialogue between a Mozambican Anthropologist’s Apprentice and Franz Boas | Lorenzo Macagno

Pages 859 to 873| The Poetic and Anthropological Worlds of an Escapee. Notes in Memory of Émile Désiré Ologoudou (1935-2019) | Gaetano Ciarcia

Pages 875 to 899| What Is Africa to Me? or Maryse Condé’s Love-Hate Relationship with “Ancestral Lands” Struggling with Budding Independence | Augustine H. Asaah

Pages 901 to 914| African Lectures of Varying Scope | Jean Copans

Pages 915 to 920| Bertho Elara. —  Sorcières, tyrans, héros. Mémoires postcoloniales de résistants africains | Aurore Desgranges

Pages 920 to 923| Ceyssens Rik. — De Luulu à Tervuren : la collection Oscar Michaux au Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale | Pierre Halen

Pages 924 to 926| Graeber David. — Les pirates des Lumières ou la véritable histoire de Libertalia | Alexandre Audard

Pages 927 to 929| Guidi Pierre. — Éduquer la nation en Éthiopie. École, État et identités dans le Wolaita (1941-1991) | Alain Gascon

Pages 930 to 932| Kilroy-Marac Katie. — An Impossible Inheritance. Postcolonial Psychiatry and the Work of Memory in a West African Clinic | Raphaël Gallien

Pages 932 to 934| de Ménonville Siena-Antonia. — An Anthropology of Images in Contemporary Christian Orthodox Ethiopia | Reidulf Molvaer

Pages 934 to 938| Pollock Anne. — Synthesizing Hope: Matter, Knowledge, and Place in South African Drug Discovery | Henri Boullier

Pages 938 to 943| Tama Clarisse. — Être enseignant au Bénin. Les mutations d’un groupe professionnel | Pauline Jarroux

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Pages 511 to 531| Djibouti and the Death of Hamoudi Ahmed | Samson A. Bezabeh

Pages 533 to 557| What’s Your Strength and What Do You Believe In? Strategies of Distinction and “Mystical” Tactics in Wrestling with Punches in Dakar | Francesco Fanoli

Pages 559 to 584| Music, Memory and Identity among Burundians Exiled in Rwanda | Ariel Fabrice Ntahomvukiye

Pages 587 to 597| Catholic Monasteries in Africa: Contemplation and Local Action | Katrin Langewiesche

Pages 599 to 601| Monasteries and Development: Illustrated Section

Pages 603 to 621| Between the Utopia of Desert Bloom and the Reality of Social Transformation. Keur Moussa Abbey, Senegal | Muhammad Ba

Pages 623 to 639| Utopia of the Enclosure and Local Integration. The Redemptoristines of Diabo (Burkina Faso) | Koudbi Kaboré

Pages 641 to 659| African Monasteries and Land Conflicts: The Case of Benedictine Abbaye Saint-Benoît in Koubri (Burkina Faso) | Thierry Yameogo

Pages 661 to 679| Benedictine Communities in West Africa through the Lens of Monastic Economy. Between Development and the Vow of Poverty | André Ardouin

Pages 681 to 702| Is Monastic Economy an Economy of Development? Missionary and Contemplative Monastic Communities in Africa | Isabelle Jonveaux

Pages 703 to 719| Monastic Networks Supporting Local Development | Katrin Langewiesche

Pages 721 to 723| Launay Robert (ed.). — Islamic Education in Africa. Writing Boards and Blackboards | Amalia Dragani

Pages 724 to 727| Leguy Cécile (ed.). — L’expression de la parentalité dans les arts de la parole en Afrique | Laure Carbonnel

Pages 727 to 729| MacArthur Julie (ed.). — Dedan Kimathi on Trial : Colonial Justice and Popular Memory in Kenya’s Mau Mau Rebellion | Yvan Droz

Pages 730 to 732| Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine. — Une guerre perdue. La France au Sahel | Alain Gascon

Pages 732 to 736| Samson Fabienne. — Des musulmans dans une église chrétienne : l’Église universelle du Royaume de Dieu au Sénégal | André Mary

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Pages 265 to 285| The women at the heart of legal reforms in Africa’s Muslim countries | Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron, Marième N’Diaye

Pages 287 to 306| Reforming Women’s Rights in Algeria: Multiple and Contradictory Appropriations of Islamic Norms | Belkacem Benzenine

Pages 307 to 329| The Fight for the Legalization of Abortion in Senegal. Redefinition of Activist Discourses and Practices | Marième N’Diaye

Pages 331 to 354| The Mobilization of Women’s Organizations in Favor of Family Law in Mali. A Defeat Postmortem | Ousmane Koné, Anne-Emmanuèle Calvès

Pages 355 to 376| Legal Mobilization to Protect Women against Rape in Islamist Sudan | Liv Tønnessen, Samia Al-Nagar

Pages 377 to 394| The Tunisian Law on Violence against Women | Maaike Voorhoeve

Pages 395 to 416| The Law on Khul’ in Egypt. Argumentative Constraints and Reforms of Family Law. | Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron

Pages 417 to 438| “Women’s Share”. The Judicialization of Women’s Access to Collective Land in Morocco | Yasmine Berriane

Pages 439 to 445| Mobilization of the Maputo Protocol. The New Malian Code of Persons and the Family on Trial | Lison Guignard

Pages 447 to 452| Women’s Economic Empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa Region | Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron

Pages 453 to 476| Women’s Rights and Feminism in post-2011 Tunisia. Interview between Monia Ben Jemia and Saida Ounissi | Monia Ben Jemia, Saida Ounissi

Pages 477 to 480| Azam Hina. — Sexual Violation in Islamic Law: Substance, Evidence, and Procedure | Baudouin Dupret

Pages 480 to 482| Bruzzi Silvia. — Islam and Gender in Colonial Northeast Africa | Ophélie Rillon

Pages 483 to 485| Cuno Kenneth M. — Modernizing Marriage. Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Egypt | Moussa Abou Ramadan

Pages 485 to 489| Ennaji Moha (ed.). — Minorities, Women and the State in North Africa | Mériam Cheikh

Pages 489 to 492| Feminist Africa | Sophie Andretta

Pages 492 to 496| Sonneveld Nadia & Lindbekk Monika (eds.). — Women Judges in the Muslim World. A Comparative Study of Discourse and Practice | Jean-Philippe Bras

Pages 496 to 501| Stockreiter Elke E. — Islamic Law, Gender and Social Change in Post-Abolition Zanzibar | Ismail Warscheid

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Pages 9 to 39| Fighting Ebola in the Shadow of Conspiracy Theories and Sorcery Suspicions | Syna Ouattara, Nikolas Århem

Pages 41 to 82| The small life of Appiah Akafou, known as Blalè, the iron man (18??–1902) (Baoulé, Côte d’Ivoire) | Fabio Viti

Pages 83 to 101| Jews and Judaizing in the Sudanese isthmus between the Nile and the Red Sea, from the fifth to the twelfth centuries, as reflected in historical sources | Jean-François Faü

Pages 105 to 113| Mobile spirits, anchored figures | Delphine Burguet, Olivia Legrip-Randriambelo

Pages 115 to 140| Tromba spirit possession and reconfiguration of ancestral rituals in the context of mobility in Madagascar | Elizabeth Rossé

Pages 141 to 167| Ancestors of the near and spirits of the far | Delphine Burguet, Olivia Legrip-Randriambelo

Pages 169 to 192| Mobilities and rootedness of church planters | Carla Bertin

Pages 193 to 214| The theological journeys and religious vocations of African Christian migrants in Morocco | Sophie Bava

Pages 215 to 218| Bava Sophie (ed.). — Dieu, les migrants et l’Afrique | Jeanne Rey

Pages 218 to 221| Degorce Alice, Kibora Ludovic, Langewiesche Katrin (eds.). — Rencontres religieuses et dynamiques sociales au Burkina Faso | Melina C. Kalfelis

Pages 221 to 224| Kleist Nauja, Thorsen Dorte (eds.). — Hope and Uncertainty in Contemporary African Migration | Audrey Lenoël

Pages 225 to 228| Premawardhana Devaka. — Faith in Flux : Pentecostalism and Mobility in Rural Mozambique | Yvan Droz

Pages 228 to 233| Prichard Andreana C. — Sisters in Spirit. Christianity, Affect, and Community Building in East Africa, 1860-1970 | Marie-Aude Fouéré

Pages 233 to 238| Rey Jeanne. — Migration africaine et pentecôtisme en Suisse. Dispositifs rituels, pouvoirs, mobilités | Julie Picard

Pages 238 to 241| Taddia Irma, Negash Tekeste (eds.). — State Institutions and Leadership in Africa | Alain Gascon

Pages 241 to 242| Zwilling Anne-Laure (ed.). — Corps, religions et diversité | Katrin Langewiesche

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Pages 761 to 778| Ethnicity, Religion, Nationalism | Barbara Casciarri, Alice Franck, Stefano Manfredi, Munzoul Assal

Pages 779 to 804| Arabization and Islamization in the Making of the Sudanese “Postcolonial” State (1946-1964) | Iris Seri-Hersch

Pages 805 to 826| Reappraising The History of Arabic Culture in the Sudan by the Egyptian Scholar ‘Abd al-Majid ‘Abidin | Heather J. Sharkey

Pages 827 to 849| Islamization of Knowledge and its Institutions in the Contemporary Muslim World: The Case of the International University of Africa, Sudan | Khadidja Medani, Bakheit M. Nur

Pages 851 to 871| Identity Representations of the Mahdist State: The Provincial Authority in Eastern Sudan and the Bija tribes (1883-1898) | Anaël Poussier

Pages 873 to 893| The International Protection of Refugees | Philippe Gout

Pages 895 to 918| Living an Embodied and Narrated Skin Tone | Azza Ahmed Abdel Aziz

Pages 919 to 941| Shantytowns Identity versus Middle Class Identity | Mohamed A. G. Bakhit

Pages 943 to 965| Challenging the Identity Politics of the Sudanese Regime. Ambivalence of Collective Belongings in Underground Political Movements | Clément Deshayes

Pages 967 to 972| The Dual Identity of White Nile’s Seleim Pastoralists between North and South Sudan | Hager Moddathir Hassan

Pages 973 to 980| Colonial and Postcolonial Legacy of “Ethnic” and “Religious” Clashes in Eastern Sudan | Abdaljbar A. M. M. Ejami

Pages 981 to 988| Words and Identities of December Revolution in Sudan | Barbara Casciarri, Stefano Manfredi

Pages 989 to 1003| “Lost Nationalism”. Conversation between a Historian and a Political Scientist | Florence Brisset-Foucault, Elena Vezzadini

Pages 1005 to 1013| Identity Politics in Contemporary Ethiopia and Sudan | Francesco Staro, Günther Schlee

Pages 1015 to 1017| Ali Nada Mustafa. — Gender, Race and Sudan’s Exile Politics: Do We All Belong to this Country? | Katarzyna Grabska

Pages 1017 to 1020| Brachet Julien, Scheele Judith.— The Value of Disorder. Autonomy, Prosperity and Plunder in the Chadian Sahara | Jean-Paul Colleyn

Pages 1020 to 1023| Casciarri Barbara, Babiker Mohamed A. (eds.) — Anthropology of Law in Muslim Sudan : Land, Courts and the Plurality of Practices | François Ireton

Pages 1023 to 1026| Exposition 120 vaches | Alice Franck, Katarzyna Grabska

Pages 1026 to 1028| Fadlalla Amal H. — Branding Humanity: Competing Narratives of Rights, Violence and Global Citizenship | Siri Lamoureaux

Pages 1029 to 1031| Gasmelbari Suhaib. — Talking about Trees | Anne-Laure Mahé

Pages 1031 to 1034| Hale Sondra, Kadoda Gada (eds.). — Networks of Knowledge Production in Sudan. Identities, Mobilities and Technologies | Enrico Ille

Pages 1034 to 1037| Leonardi Cherry, Santschi Martina (eds.). — Dividing Communities in South Sudan and Northern Uganda. Boundary Disputes and Land Governance | Emmanuelle Veuillet

Pages 1037 to 1039| Oette Lutz, Babiker Mohamed A. (eds.). — Constitution-Making and Human Rights in the Sudan | Jean-Nicolas Bach

Pages 1040 to 1042| Salomon Noah. — For Love of the Prophet | Lucie Revilla

Pages 1042 to 1044| Seri-Hersch Iris. — Enseigner l’histoire à l’heure de l’ébranlement colonial. Soudan, Égypte, Empire britannique (1943-1960) | Damiano Matasci

Pages 1045 to 1047| Verhoeven Harry. — Water, Civilization and Power in Sudan | Raphaëlle Chevrillon-Guibert

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Pages 473 to 507| Māryām Nāzrēt (Ethiopia): The Twelfth-century Transformations of an Aksumite Site in Connection with an Egyptian Christian Community | Marie-Laure Derat, Emmanuel Fritsch, Claire Bosc-Tiessé, Antoine Garric, Romain Mensan, François-Xavier Fauvelle, Hiluf Berhe

Pages 509 to 533| Is Conflict Management the Origin of Conflicts? “Peacebuilding” and Natural Resource Protection in Casamance | Alvar Jones Sánchez

Pages 535 to 562| From the Qur’an to Christianity | Maria Khachaturyan

Pages 555 to 583| Portuguese and Belgian Colonial Cinema | Alexandre Ramos

Pages 585 to 605| The Social Situation of the Deaf in Burkina Faso: Unsafe Sexual Practices and Begging Networks

Pages 615 to 651| Maroni-Lawa, a Paradoxical Space for Negotiation. Colonial and Customary Boni Authorities in French Guiana (1880-1965) | Jean Moomou

Pages 645 to 669| The Ambiguities of the Homosexual Issue in Senegal | Boris Bertolt

Pages 671 to 697| Security from Below in Burkina Faso. Koglweogo, Guardians of the Bush, Guardians of Society? | Ismaël Compaoré, Heidi Bojsen

Pages 707 to 709| Bjerk Paul. — Julius Nyerere | Douglas A. Yates

Pages 710 to 713| Bornand Sandra, Derive Jean (eds.). — Les canons du discours et la langue : Parler juste | Nathaniel Gernez

Pages 714 to 716| Harvey Penny, Krohn-Hansen Christian (eds.).— Dislocating Labour: Anthropological Reconfigurations. | Cheryl Mei-ting Schmitz

Pages 716 to 721| Kinshasa chroniques | Ninon Chavoz, Julie Peghini

Pages 722 to 725| Lovejoy Henry B. — Prieto: Yorùbá Kingship in Colonial Cuba during the Age of Revolutions | Ivor L. Miller

Pages 725 to 728| Pelizzari Elisa, Sylla Omar (eds.). — Enfance et sacrifice au Sénégal, Mali, Gabon. Écoles coraniques, pratiques d’initiation, abus et crimes rituels | Alison Morano

Pages 728 to 732| Plaut Martin. — Understanding Eritrea. Inside Africa’s Most Repressive State | Alain Gascon

Pages 732 to 736| Rodet Marie, Razy Élodie (eds.). — Children on the Move in Africa. Past and Present Experiences of Migration | Charlène Walther

Pages 736 to 740| Vérité Monique, Hervé Patrick (eds.). — Des Européennes au Sahara, du XIX^e siècle aux Indépendances | François Pouillon

Pages 741 to 743| Villasante Cervello Mariella, Taylor Raymond (eds.), with the collaboration of de Beauvais Christophe. — Histoire et politique dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : Mauritanie. Hiérarchies, échanges, colonisation et violences politiques, VIII^e-XXI^e siècle | Bocar Niang

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