12. Spoliation of Armenian Properties during the Genocide
Pages 155 to 163
Cite this chapter
- POLATEL, Mehmet,
- Par le CONSEIL SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONAL POUR L’ÉTUDE DU GÉNOCIDE DES ARMÉNIENS, ,
- Polatel, Mehmet.
- Polatel, M.
- Par le . Conseil scientifique international pour l’étude du génocide des Arméniens
https://doi.org/10.3917/arco.ecker.2015.02.0155
Cite this chapter
- Polatel, M.
- Par le . Conseil scientifique international pour l’étude du génocide des Arméniens
- Polatel, Mehmet.
- POLATEL, Mehmet,
- Par le CONSEIL SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONAL POUR L’ÉTUDE DU GÉNOCIDE DES ARMÉNIENS, ,
https://doi.org/10.3917/arco.ecker.2015.02.0155
Notes
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[1]
Teghekagir Hoghayin Grawmants Handznazhoghovoy [The Report of the Commission on Seizured Lands], vol. I, Istanbul, Doğramacıyan Publishing, 1910.
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[2]
For detailed analysis on the relations between the CUP and the Armenian Political Organizations: Arsen Avagyan and Gaidz F. Minassian, Ermeniler ve İttihat Terakki: İşbirliğinden Çatışmaya, İstanbul: Aras Yayınları, 2005; Dikran Kaligian, Armenian Organization and Ideology under Ottoman Rule 1908-1914, London, Transaction Publishers, 2009.
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[3]
For detailed analysis on the reform roject, see: Roderic H. Davison, “The Armenian Crisis, 1912-1914”, The American Historical Review, vol. LIII, n° 3, 1948.
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[4]
BOA.DH.KMS 2-2/5, 13 Kanun-ı Sani 1329/26 January 1914, the Governor of Diyarbekir to the Ministry of Interior, in Zekeriya Türkmen, Vilayât-ı Şarkiye (Doğu Anadolu Vilayetleri) Islahat Müfettişliği 1913-1914, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2006, p. 143-145.
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[5]
The first decision regarding the Armenian properties was adopted by the Cabinet on May 30th, 1915. Although this decision was about the deportation process of the Armenian population, it included some details about the management of the properties of those who would be deported (BOA, Meclis‐ i Vükela Mazbatası, 198/163). As this decision was short to fulfill local officials, the Ottoman Government sent a detailed order (talimname) on June 10th, 1915 (Prime Minister Directorate General of Press and Information, Documents, Ankara, 1982, p. 74‐ 80). The government adopted the temporary law called “The Law about the Abandoned Properties, Debts and Credits of the Population who were Sent elsewhere” on September 26th, 1915 (Takvim-i Vakayi [Official Gazette], n° 2303, 14 Eylül 1331/27 September 1915).
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[6]
Takvim-i Vakayi, n° 2303, 14 Eylül 1331/27 September 1915. N° surprise that these notebooks were destroyed, because if they remained, they would bring an extremely powerful light to the scale of this organized crime, the wealth of the Armenian people, the identities of the beneficiaries which profited from the processes of property transfer.
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[7]
Murat Bardakçı (ed.), Talât Paşa’nın Evrak-ı Metrûkesi [Abandoned Documents of Talat Pasha], Istanbul: Everest, 2008.
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[8]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 68/155, Interior Ministry to all provinces, 3 October 1916.
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[9]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 59/239, Interior Ministry to all provinces, 6 January 1916.
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[10]
The number of buildings which were reported to be suitable for conversion into prison by local authorities varied between two and eleven. BOA, DH.MB.HPS 25/15 and 49/31, various provinces to Interior Ministry, 14-27 May 1916.
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[11]
After the re-opening of the parliament, parlamentarian Dikran Barsamian presented the government a declaration for the enormous damage done to the Armenian religious infrastructure (Meclis-i Mebusan Zabıt Ceridesi, Ankara: TBMM Matbaası, 1992, period 3, vol. I, assembly year 5, meeting 23, 9 December 1918, p. 257-58.)
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[12]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 55/66, Interior Ministry to Karesi, 17 August 1915.
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[13]
Bardakçı, ibid., p. 95.
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[14]
Bülent Bakar, Ermeni Tehciri ve Uygulaması, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Marmara University, Department of Turkish Studies, 2003, p. 103ff.
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[15]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 52/292, Interior Ministry to Konya, 9 May 1915.
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[16]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 57/54, Talat to Şükrü Kaya, 18 October 1915.
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[17]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 57/350, Interior Ministry to Eskişehir, 8 November 1915.
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[18]
BOA, DH.ŞFR 57/342, Interior Ministry to Aleppo, 8 November 1915.
-
[19]
Taner Akçam, Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmuştur, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2008, p. 230.
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[20]
PAAA, R14088, Adana consul Büge to Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg, 1 October 1915. For the original document, see: http://www.armenocide.de/armenocide/armgende.nsf/WebStart-En?Open Frameset
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[21]
NA, RG59/867.4016/137, Konya consul William S. Dodd to ambassador Henry Morgenthau, 15 August 1915.
-
[22]
NA, RG59/867.4016/251, Wilfred Post to W. Peet, 25 November 1915.
-
[23]
Elise Hagopian Taft, Rebirth: Veradznound, Plandome, NY: New Age, 1981, p. 37.
All cases of mass violence are accompanied by processes of dispossession and property transfer in some form. In case of the Armenian genocide, we can say that the processes of dispossession and property transfer took the form of systematic robbery orchestrated by the state. This paper presents an analysis of these processes by elaborating on temporal specificities of the dispossession and confiscation policies during the genocide in comparison to the Hamidian period, the significance of the seizure of Armenian properties for the genocide and the ways in which Armenian properties were confiscated by a wide range of actors, including governmental agencies, civil servants and military personnel, local notables and ordinary people. The main argument of this paper is that the seizure of Armenian properties was an integral part of the deliberate destruction of the Armenian identity – providing the state the resources for the realization of genocidal violence and the cooperation of ordinary people as well as state officials. This paper also shows that despite the projections of the center to regulate property transfer, individual profit drove civil servants, military personnel and ordinary people to compete for getting a bigger share from the Armenian properties.
Before going through the details of the processes of dispossession and property transfer during the genocide, it should be noted that the seizure of Armenian properties did not begin with 1915. In fact, before 1915 seized Armenian properties was one of the most acute problems of the Ottoma…
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