Notes

• [1]
  Film of the demonstration, entitled ‘Algérie: Les évènements du 26 mars 1962’, is available on the INA website: see https://www.ina.fr/video/CAF90005855/algerie-les-evenements-du-lundi-26-mars-1962-video.html (accessed 2 November 2021). Photographs of the massacre were published in Paris-Match, no. 677.
• [2]
  For fictional texts treating the massacre on the rue d’Isly, see Maurice Edelman, The Fratricides (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1963), published in French by Presses de la Cité in 1964; Gabriel Conesa, Bab-el-Oued: Notre paradis perdu (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1970); Maurice Attia, Alger la noire (Paris: Actes Sud, 2006). For historical works, see Jean Monneret, Une ténébreuse affaire: La fusillade du 26 mars 1962 à Alger (Paris: Édition l’Harmattan, 2009); Francine Dessaigne and Marie-Jeanne Rey, Un crime sans assassin (Paris: Éditions Confrérie-Castille, 1994); Véritas (ed.), Alger, le 26 mars 1962: Nouveau livre blanc sur un crime d’État (Paris: Véritas, 2007). A documentary directed by Christophe Weber, Le massacre de la rue d’Isly, was screened by France 3 on 12 September 2008. In February 2017, an oil painting by Jean-François Galéa entitled ‘Fusillade du 26 mars 1962 Rue d’Isly à Alger’ was exhibited at the Grand Palais in Paris. It has been widely reproduced by pied-noir publications.
• [3]
  Debarati Sanyal, Memory and Complicity: Migrations of Holocaust Remembrance (New York: Fordham University Press, 2015), 6.
• [4]
  Marianne Hirsch, The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture after the Holocaust (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), 206.
• [5]
  Ann Rigney, “Differential Memorability and Transnational Activism: Bloody Sunday, 1887–2016,” Australian Humanities Review (2016): 77–95.
• [6]
  Astrid Erll, “Travelling Memory,” Parallax 17, 4 (2011): 4–18.
• [7]
  Michael Rothberg, Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009).
• [8]
  Chiara De Cesari and Ann Rigney, eds., Transnational Memory: Circulation, Articulation, Scales (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 5.
• [9]
  Rigney, “Differential Memorability and Transnational Activism”; Jim House and Neil Macmaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror, and Memory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
• [10]
  Yves Courrière, Les feux du désespoir, vol. 4 of La Guerre d’Algérie (Paris: Editions Fayard, 1971); Rémi Kauffer, “OAS: La guerre franco-française d’Algérie,” in La Guerre d’Algérie: 1954–2004: La fin de l’amnésie, ed. Mohamed Harbi and Benjamin Stora (Paris: Robert Laffont, 2004), 451–476; Alain Ruscio, Nostalgérie: L’interminable histoire de l’OAS (Paris: La Découverte, 2015).
• [11]
  Courrière, Les feux du désespoir, 561–570.
• [12]
  General Raoul Salan, “Instruction numéro 29, ” in OAS parle (Paris: Editions Julliard, collection Archives, 1964), cited in, “La feuille de route de l’OAS par le général Salan (février 1962),” Histoire coloniale et postcoloniale, 18 March 2011, https://histoirecoloniale.net/la-feuille-de-route-de-l-OAS-par.html.
• [13]
  Ruscio, Nostalgérie, 106.
• [14]
  Le Monde, 28 March 1962, 2.
• [15]
  See Marie Elbe, A l’heure de notre mort (Paris: Albin Michel, 1992 [1963]), 15; and “Alger 26 mars 1962 : crime d‘Etat,” Manifestations Pieds Noirs (sic), 26 March 2012, http://manifpn2012.canalblog.com/archives/2012/03/26/23860203.html. Of uncertain origin, the latter is reproduced on numerous pied-noir websites.
• [16]
  Courrière, Les feux du désespoir, 580–581.
• [17]
  Cécile Mercier, Les pieds-noirs et l’exode de 1962 à travers la presse française (Paris: l’Harmattan, 2003), 48.
• [18]
  Francine Dessaigne, Le Journal d’une mére de famille pied-noir (Paris: L’Esprit Nouveau, 1962), 166.
• [19]
  Ibid., 168 (italics added).
• [20]
  Jan Assman, “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity,” New German Critique (1995): 125–133, here 130.
• [21]
  “Lundi 26 mars 1962: Un assassinat collectif de l’Etat—le grand silence,” http://www.alger26mars1962.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151:2-1-la-tuerie-dite-de-la-rue-d-isly-le-grand-silence&catid=42&Itemid=135&showall=&limitstart= (accessed 13 September 2018).
• [22]
  La Lettre de Véritas, January–March 2018, 1. Under the headline “La justice et la vengeance divine poursuivant un criminel d’Etat,” the front page depicts two angels above a fallen male figure, with a military képi in a pool of blood, and the subhead “Un sanglant matricide: L’assassinat des Français d’Algérie par un dictateur fou!”
• [23]
  Ruscio, Nostalgérie, 192.
• [24]
  Georges Bosc, “L’Appel du 26 mars,” L’Algérianiste, March 1992, 3.
• [25]
  Successive governments rejected 19 March as a national day of remembrance because it marked the end not of a war in Algeria, but of “opérations de maintien de l’ordre.” It became the national day of remembrance of the Algerian War in November 2012, after months of controversy. The vote in the Assemblée Nationale was opposed by the centre and right-wing parties, which, following the pieds-noirs’ argument, saw it as a divisive measure.
• [26]
  Claude Liauzu, “Ministère de l’hostilité,” Le Monde diplomatique, July 2007, 28.
• [27]
  “Loi n° 2005-158 du 23 février 2005 portant reconnaissance de la Nation et contribution nationale en faveur des Français rapatriés,” Légifrance, 24 February 2005, https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000444898&categorieLien=id.
• [28]
  Annette Wieviorka, L’Ère du témoin (Paris: Plon, 1998).
• [29]
  Examples include Les Pieds-noirs: Histoire d’une blessure (dir. Gilles Perez, 2006); La Valise ou le cercueil (dir. Charly Cassan, 2011); Paroles de pieds-noirs (dir. Jean-Pierre Carlon, 2009); L’Amère patrie (dir. Frédéric Biamonti, 2012).
• [30]
  Daniel J. Sherman, The Construction of Memory in Interwar France (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1999); Alison Landsberg, Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).
• [31]
  See Fiona Barclay, “Reporting on 1962: The Evolution of Pied-noir Identity across 50 Years of Print Media,” Modern & Contemporary France 23, 2 (2015): 197–211.
• [32]
  Ibid.
• [33]
  Claire Eldridge, From Empire to Exile: History and Memory within the Pied-noir and Harki Communities, 1962–2012 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016).
• [34]
  Anne Roche, “Pieds noirs: Le ‘retour,’” Modern & Contemporary France 2, 2 (1994): 151–164, here 156.
• [35]
  Jean-Jacques Jordi, “The Creation of the Pieds-noirs: Arrival and Settlement in Marseille, 1962,” in Europe’s Invisible Migrants, ed. Andrea L. Smith (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2003), 61–74, here 63; Claire Eldridge, “Returning to the ‘Return,’” Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 29, 3 (2013): 121–140, here 127.
• [36]
  De Cesari and Rigney, Transnational Memory, 5–6.
• [37]
  “Les années dramatiques,” in Les Pieds-noirs: Histoire d’une blessure (dir. Gilles Perez, 2006).
• [38]
  “Massacre des Français dans la rue d’Isly à Alger le 26 mars 1962 par la France,” Bab-el-Oued Story, http://www.babelouedstory.com/thema_les/26_mars/1673/1673.html (accessed 26 July 2019).
• [39]
  Francis Cornu, “Le massacre de la rue d’Isly,” Le Monde, 5 September 2008. In the Weber documentary, one of the victims of the rue d’Isly massacre argues that it was a deliberate attempt by the French authorities to break the pieds-noirs, giving them no option but to leave: “Je pense qu’ils ont fait ça parce qu’ils voulaient en terminer avec les pieds-noirs et qu’ils ont fait ça—je dis— pour museler. La preuve c’est que, après, tout le monde s’est sauvé.”
• [40]
  Todd Shepard, The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006), 212–213.
• [41]
  Paul-Marie de la Gorce, “Alger: L’histoire de la trêve,” France-Observateur 631, 7 June 1962: 6–10, here 8.
• [42]
  Martin Evans, Algeria: France’s Undeclared War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 320.
• [43]
  Mercier, Les pieds-noirs et l’exode de 1962, 48.
• [44]
  Kauffer, “OAS, la guerre franco-française d’Algérie,” 456.
• [45]
  Marc-Olivier Gavois, “Le bilan de la fusillade du 24 janvier 1960 genèse d’un mythe?” Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer 87, 328–329 (2000): 267–276, here 274.
• [46]
  Rigney, “Differential Memorability and Transnational Activism,” 79.
• [47]
  Laleh Khalili, “Massacres and Battles: Commemorating Contentious Moments in the Refugee Camps of Lebanon,” American Behavioral Scientist 51, 11 (2008): 1562–1574, here 1572.
• [48]
  See George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius (London: Searchlight, 1941).
• [49]
  Gavois, “Le bilan,” 275.
• [50]
  Ruscio, Nostalgérie, 86.
• [51]
  Eldridge, “Returning to the ‘Return.’”
• [52]
  Ibid., 132.
• [53]
  Rigney, “Differential Memorability and Transnational Activism,” 81.
• [54]
  Ibid., 90.
• [55]
  Peter Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination: Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama, and the Mode of Excess (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995).
• [56]
  For analysis of the Charonne massacre, see Alain Dewerpe, Charonne, 8 février 1962: Anthropologie historique d’un massacre d’État (Paris: Gallimard, 2006).
• [57]
  Jim House and Neil MacMaster, “‘Une Journée Portée Disparue’: The Paris Massacre of 1961 and Memory,” in Crisis and Renewal in France since the First World War: 1918–1962, ed. Kenneth Mouré and Martin S. Alexander (Oxford: Berghahn, 2002), 267–291, here 268.
• [58]
  For details of Einaudi’s investigations, see Jean-Luc Einaudi, La Bataille de Paris (Paris: Seuil, 1991).
• [59]
  Jim House and Neil Macmaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror, and Memory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 19.
• [60]
  “Hollande reconnaît la répression du 17 octobre 1961, critiques à droite,” Le Monde, 17 October 2012, https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/10/17/francois-hollande-reconnait-la-sanglante-repression-du-17-octobre-1961_1776918_3224.html (accessed 25 July 2019).
• [61]
  For the text of the letter, see “Lettre au Président de la République,” Association des familles des victimes ---du 26 mars 1962 de la rue d’Isly à Alger, 7 October 2012, http://isly26mars1962.canalblog.com/archives/2013/03/06/26587063.html.
• [62]
  Michael Rowlands, “Remembering to Forget: Sublimation as Sacrifice in War Memorials,” in The Art of Forgetting, ed. Adrian Forty and Susanne Küchler (Oxford: Berg, 1999), 31.
• [63]
  Rigney, “Differential Memorability and Transnational Activism.”
• [64]
  Nicole Ferrandis, “Le 26 mars 1962 à Alger et le Bloody Sunday,” Association des familles des victimes --du 26 mars 1962 de la rue d’Isly à Alger, March 2014, http://isly26mars1962.canalblog.com/archives/2014/03/18/29463057.html (accessed 17 September 2018). Ferrandis returns to Bloody Sunday in a video about 26 March 1962, which concludes with the Irish comparison: http://isly26mars1962.canalblog.com/archives/2013/02/16/26429067.html (accessed 17 September 2018).