Footnotes

• [*]
  This article was published in cooperation with CAIRN International Edition, translated and edited by Cadenza Academic Translations.
• [1]
  Walter Benjamin, One-Way Street and Other Writings, trans. J. A. Underwood, London: 2009; preceded by Berlin Childhood Around 1900, trans. Howard Eiland, Cambridge, MA/London 2006 and followed by The Arcades Project, trans. Howard Eiland & Kevin McLaughlin, Cambridge, MA/London 1999. See Michael Löwy, Fire Alarm: Reading Walter Benjamin’s ‘On the Concept of History’, trans. Chris Turner, London/New York: 2005.
• [2]
  See David Hume, A Dissertation on the Passions and The Natural History of Religion, ed. Tom L. Beauchamp, Oxford: 2007, 54.
• [3]
  E.M. Cioran, On the Heights of Despair, trans. Ilinca Zarifopol-Johnston, Chicago 1992, 76.
• [4]
  See Frederick Quinn, In Search of Salt: Changes in Beti (Cameroon) Society, 1880–1960, New York: 2006.
• [5]
  René Dumont, False Start in Africa, trans. Phyllis Nauts Ott, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966.
• [6]
  Albert Meister, L’Afrique peut-elle partir? Paris: Seuil, 1966.
• [7]
  A line spoken by a character in Aimé Césaire’s play A Season in the Congo, Paris 1966; English trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Polity Press 2010.
• [8]
  See Claude Lefort, ‘The Permanence of the Theologico-Political?’ in Hent de Vries and Lawrence E. Sullivan (eds), Political Theologies: Public Religions in a Post-Secular World, New York 2006.
• [9]
  Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, trans. Mark Ritter, London 1992, 45.
• [10]
  Peter Sloterdijk, Rage and Time: A Psychopolitical Investigation, trans. Mario Wenning, New York: 2010, 183.
• [11]
  Christopher Lasch, The Minimal Self: Psychic Survival in Troubled Times, New York/London 1984, 18.
• [12]
  See Axel Honneth, Disrespect: The Normative Foundations of Critical Theory, trans. Joseph Ganahl, Cambridge 2007.
• [13]
  Bernard Stiegler, Symbolic Misery, Volume I: The Hyperindustrial Epoch, trans. Barnaby Norman, Cambridge 2014. Africans feel this humiliation when, for example, a French president laments the size of African families, or when he receives an African president on an official visit on the front steps of the Elysée with his dog by his side. Perhaps he had previously received Russian or American presidents in this manner, or princes from the Gulf states! Politics, as well as being a sense-giving and a form of management, is also a staging – a question of tact.
• [14]
  See Christian Bonah, Histoire de l’expérimentation humaine en France: Discours et pratiques 1900–1940, Paris 2007, 287–313.
• [15]
  Stanislas Melone, La parenté et la terre dans la stratégie du développement: L’expérience camerounaise (étude critique), Paris/Yaoundé 1972, 21. Translator’s note: Unless otherwise stated, all translations of cited material are our own.
• [16]
  Kéba Mbaye, ‘Le régime des terres au Sénégal,’ in Le droit de la terre en Afrique (au sud du Sahara): Études préparées à la requête de l’Unesco, ed. International Association of Legal Sciences, Paris 1971, 137.
• [17]
  See C. M. N. White, ‘Land Law and Administration in Zambia’, in Le droit de la terre en Afrique, 159.
• [18]
  See Philippe Descola, Beyond Nature and Culture, trans. Janet Lloyd, Chicago: 2013.
• [19]
  See Yves Citton, Mythocratie: Storytelling et imaginaire de gauche, Paris: Éditions Amsterdam, 2010.
• [20]
  Paul-Henri Giraud, Octavio Paz: Vers la transparence, Paris: Presses universitaires de France 2002, 155.
• [21]
  Édouard Glissant, Le discours antillais, Paris: 1997, 93; English translation Michael Dash: Caribbean Discourse: Selected essays, Charlottesville, 1989, 1992. An unproductive, theatrical, and useful elite, because it does not seek to unravel whatever forms the webs that sustain the dependence relationship. Glissant also speaks of the development of a ‘general instinct for mendicancy’ (57). Regional and national research centers, emerging projects, conferences, and other workshops of intellectual production are often steeped in the funds of the imperialism they so vehemently decry. Do autonomy, coherence, and ‘decolonialization’ have any meaning?
• [22]
  Theodor W. Adorno, Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life, trans. E. F. N. Jephcott, London: 1974, 23.
• [23]
  Gaston Bachelard, Le rationalisme appliqué, Paris: 1949.
• [24]
  Glissant, Le discours antillais, 28.